Originally constructed in the 9th century under the name Lomsia by Guaram Mampali
Rabati Fortress
Construction began in the second half of the 12th century, initiated by King George III and completed under Queen Tamar (r. 1184–1213) .The complex suffered significant damage in the 1283 earthquake, losing much of its defensive and residential function
Vardzia (Cave Monastery Complex)
Originally built in the 2nd century BCE, making it one of Georgia’s oldest fortresses.A church was added in 985, and the fortifications visible today were constructed around 1354
Khertvisi Fortress
Built during the 11th century by King Bagrat IV on the site of an earlier 5th-century church; though called “Green,” its historical moniker is Motsameta
Green Monastery
The existing medieval basilica—Zeda Tmogvi (Upper Tmogvi Church)—was built in the late 11th century, during the reign of King Bagrat IV (1027–1072)
